Furthering the Understanding of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Factor Structure in a Clinical Sample

Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2021 Jan-Feb;28(1):12-23. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1585351. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Abstract

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is a commonly administered battery for assessing intellectual and cognitive abilities. Despite its popularity, construct validation studies primarily utilize the WAIS-IV normative sample rather than ecologically-valid clinical samples. The current study expands the literature on the validity of WAIS-IV by testing a bifactor model in such a sample. We examined archival data from 300 concurrent psychological evaluations performed at a university-based community clinic. Participants received the full WAIS-IV standard battery. Consistent with recent literature, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) favored a direct hierarchical model, where the g factor has a direct influence on WAIS-IV subtest performance and index scores explain only modest degrees of residual variance. Results challenge traditional intelligence nosologies and suggest consideration of a two-step method of WAIS-IV interpretation in clinical samples, whereby the Full Scale IQ score (FSIQ) score is examined first and individual subtest scores are analyzed second.

Keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; intelligence; measurement invariance; psychological assessment.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Behavioral Symptoms* / physiopathology
  • Data Interpretation, Statistical*
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intelligence* / physiology
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders* / physiopathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Psychometrics / standards*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Wechsler Scales / standards*
  • Young Adult