Age- and gender-stratified adult myometric reference values of isometric intrinsic hand strength

Abstract

Study design: Descriptive normative.

Introduction: Intrinsic hand strength can be impacted by hand arthritis, peripheral nerve injuries, and spinal cord injuries. Grip dynamometry does not isolate intrinsic strength, and manual muscle testing is not sensitive to change in grades 4 and 5. The Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer is a reliable and valid test of intrinsic hand strength; however, no adult normative data are available.

Purpose of the study: To describe age- and gender-stratified intrinsic hand strength norms in subjects aged 21 years and above and to determine if factors known to predict grip dynamometry also predict measures of intrinsic hand strength.

Methods: Three trials of 5 measures of maximal isometric intrinsic strength were performed bilaterally by 607 "healthy-handed" adult males and females. Average strength values were stratified by age and gender. Data were analyzed to determine the influence of demographic and anthropometric variables on intrinsic strength.

Results: Intrinsic strength generally followed age and gender trends similar to grip dynamometry. Age, gender, body mass index, and the interaction between gender and body mass index were predictors of intrinsic strength, whereas in most cases, the hand being tested did not predict the intrinsic strength.

Discussion: With the addition of these findings, age- and gender-stratified hand intrinsic strength norms now span from age 4 through late adulthood. Many factors known to predict grip dynamometry also predict intrinsic myometry. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of vocational and avocational demands on intrinsic strength.

Conclusions: These norms can be referenced to evaluate and plan hand therapy and surgical interventions for intrinsic weakness.

Keywords: Intrinsic; Myometry; Norms; Reference values; Rotterdam intrinsic hand myometer; Strength.