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. 2019 May 15;67(19):5621-5633.
doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00033. Epub 2019 May 3.

Compositional Diversity among Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Cultivars Originating from European Countries

Affiliations

Compositional Diversity among Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Cultivars Originating from European Countries

Ye Tian et al. J Agric Food Chem. .

Abstract

Berries representing 21 cultivars of blackcurrant were analyzed using liquid chromatographic, gas chromatographic, and mass spectrometric methods coupled with multivariate models. This study pinpointed compositional variation among cultivars of different origins cultivated in the same location during two seasons. The chemical profiles of blackcurrants varied significantly among cultivars and growing years. The key differences among cultivars of Scottish, Lithuanian, and Finnish origins were in the contents of phenolic acids (23 vs 16 vs 19 mg/100 g on average, respectively), mainly as 5- O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4- O-coumaroylglucose, ( E)-coumaroyloxymethylene-glucopyranosyloxy-( Z)-butenenitrile, and 1- O-feruloylglucose. The Scottish cultivars were grouped on the basis of the 3- O-glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, as were the Lithuanian cultivars. Among the Finnish samples, the content of myricetin 3- O-glycosides, 4- O-caffeoylglucose, 1- O-coumaroylglucose, and 4- O-coumaroylglucose were significantly different between the two green-fruited cultivars and the black-fruited cultivars. The samples from the studied years differed in the content of phenolic acid derivatives, quercetin glycosides, monosaccharides, and citric acid.

Keywords: blackcurrant; cultivar; organic acids; phenolic compounds; sugars.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PLS models of comparison of blackcurrant cultivars in two different growing years: (a) phenolic compounds (n = 8662), (b) sugars and simple organic acids (n = 1098). Legend of the scores plots: red open circle for the samples harvested in Year 2015, blue open square means the samples harvested in Year 2014. In the loading plots, the growing year is in red bold italic font and the identified phenolic compounds are in blue font. The full names of these compounds are referenced in Table 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PLS models of comparison of blackcurrant cultivars originating from different countries: based on chemical variables (n = X) (a) all cultivars (n = 9760), (b) the black cultivars (n = 6560) originating from Scotland and Lithuanian, (c) the black cultivars originating (n = 5600) from Scotland and Finland, (d) the black cultivars (n = 3840) originating from Lithuanian and Finland. Legend of the scores plots: blue-filled square for Scottish samples, red-filled circle for Lithuanian samples, green-filled triangle for Latvian samples, purple-filled diamond for Finnish black-fruited samples, brown-filled inverted triangle for Finnish green-fruited samples, and yellow-filled star for Polish samples. In the loading plots, the origin of country is in red bold italic font and the identified phenolic compounds are in blue font. The full names of the compounds are referenced in Table 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PLS models of comparison of main groups of Scottish cultivars: (a) all Scottish cultivars (n = 4160), (b) the comparison between groups A and B (n = 2720), (c) the comparison between groups A and C (n = 3200), (d) the comparison between groups B and C (n = 2400). In the loading plots, the names of cultivars and groups are in red bold italic font and the identified phenolic compounds are in blue font. The full names of the compounds are referenced in Table 1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of Scottish cultivars with PLS regression models based on their chemical composition: (a) the comparison within group A (n = 2400), (b) the comparison within group B (n = 960), (c) the comparison within group C (n = 1140). The groups are based on the model in Figure 3. The name of cultivars is in red bold italic font and the identified phenolic compounds are in blue font. The full names of the compounds are referenced in Table 1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of Finnish cultivars with PLS regression models based on their chemical composition: (a) all Finnish cultivars (n = 2400), (b) black cultivars (n = 1440), (c) green cultivars (n = 960). In the loading plots, the name of cultivars is in red bold italic font and the identified phenolic compounds are in blue font. The full names of compounds are referenced in Table 1.

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