Predictive factors of incomplete aneurysm occlusion after endovascular treatment with the Pipeline embolization device

Georgios A Maragkos; Luis C Ascanio; Mohamed M Salem; Sricharan Gopakumar; Santiago Gomez-Paz; Alejandro Enriquez-Marulanda; Abhi Jain; Clemens M Schirmer; Paul M Foreman; Christoph J Griessenauer; Peter Kan; Christopher S Ogilvy; Ajith J Thomas

doi:10.3171/2019.1.JNS183226

Predictive factors of incomplete aneurysm occlusion after endovascular treatment with the Pipeline embolization device

J Neurosurg. 2019 Apr 26;132(5):1598-1605. doi: 10.3171/2019.1.JNS183226.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ 1Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
² 2Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
³ 3Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania.
⁴ 5Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
⁵ 4Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and.

PMID: 31026827
DOI: 10.3171/2019.1.JNS183226

Abstract

Objective: The Pipeline embolization device (PED) is a routine choice for the endovascular treatment of select intracranial aneurysms. Its success is based on the high rates of aneurysm occlusion, followed by near-zero recanalization probability once occlusion has occurred. Therefore, identification of patient factors predictive of incomplete occlusion on the last angiographic follow-up is critical to its success.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on consecutive patients treated with a PED for unruptured aneurysms in 3 academic institutions in the US. Patients with angiographic follow-up were selected to identify the factors associated with incomplete occlusion.

Results: Among all 3 participating institutions a total of 523 PED placement procedures were identified. There were 284 procedures for 316 aneurysms, which had radiographic follow-up and were included in this analysis (median age 58 years; female-to-male ratio 4.2:1). Complete occlusion (100% occlusion) was noted in 76.6% of aneurysms, whereas incomplete occlusion (≤ 99% occlusion) at last follow-up was identified in 23.4%. After accounting for factor collinearity and confounding, multivariable analysis identified older age (> 70 years; OR 4.46, 95% CI 2.30-8.65, p < 0.001); higher maximal diameter (≥ 15 mm; OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.43-7.55, p = 0.005); and fusiform morphology (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.06-7.85, p = 0.038) to be independently associated with higher rates of incomplete occlusion at last follow-up. Thromboembolic complications were noted in 1.4% and hemorrhagic complications were found in 0.7% of procedures.

Conclusions: Incomplete aneurysm occlusion following placement of a PED was independently associated with age > 70 years, aneurysm diameter ≥ 15 mm, and fusiform morphology. Such predictive factors can be used to guide individualized treatment selection and counseling in patients undergoing cerebrovascular neurosurgery.

Keywords: Pipeline embolization device; aneurysm; interventional neurosurgery; occlusion; prognostic factors; vascular disorders.