FAM105A/OTULINL Is a Pseudodeubiquitinase of the OTU-Class that Localizes to the ER Membrane

Structure. 2019 Jun 4;27(6):1000-1012.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2019.03.022. Epub 2019 May 2.

Abstract

Pseudoenzymes have been identified across a diverse range of enzyme classes and fulfill important cellular functions. Examples of pseudoenzymes exist within ubiquitin conjugating and deubiquitinase (DUB) protein families. Here we characterize FAM105A/OTULINL, the only putative pseudodeubiquitinase of the ovarian tumor protease (OTU domain) family in humans. The crystal structure of FAM105A revealed that the OTU domain possesses structural deficiencies in both active site and substrate-binding infrastructure predicted to impair normal DUB function. We confirmed the absence of catalytic function against all ubiquitin linkages and an inability of FAM105A to bind ubiquitin compared with catalytically active FAM105B/OTULIN. FAM105A co-localized with KDEL markers and Lamin B1 at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope, respectively. Accordingly, the FAM105A interactome exhibited significant enrichment in proteins localized to the ER/outer nuclear, Golgi and vesicular membranes. In light of undetectable deubiquitinase activity, we posit that FAM105A/OTULINL functions through its ability to mediate protein-protein interactions.

Keywords: BioID interactome; FAM105A; OTU domain; crystal structure; deubiquitinase; pseudoenzyme; subcellular localization; ubiquitin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Deubiquitinating Enzymes / chemistry*
  • Deubiquitinating Enzymes / genetics
  • Deubiquitinating Enzymes / metabolism
  • Endopeptidases / chemistry*
  • Endopeptidases / genetics
  • Endopeptidases / metabolism
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism*
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Membranes / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Domains
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Ubiquitin / chemistry
  • Ubiquitin / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / chemistry
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / genetics
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / metabolism

Substances

  • Ubiquitin
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
  • Endopeptidases
  • OTULIN protein, human
  • Deubiquitinating Enzymes