Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the normal anatomy of the root of the small bowel mesentery (RSBM) as well as the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features of the various primary and secondary lesions that affect the RSBM.
Results: The small bowel mesentery attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall, the line of attachment forming the RSBM. Several primary as well as secondary lesions involve the RSBM. The RSBM has anatomical contiguity with the mesocolon and other peritoneal ligaments, which forms a route for the spread of infection, neoplasms as well as several other abdominal pathologies. MDCT plays an important role in the evaluation of mesenteric root lesions.
Conclusion: Familiarity with the lesions involving the RSBM and their characteristic appearances on MDCT is important in giving thoughtful differential diagnosis and guiding the treating physician in further management.
Keywords: Carcinoid; Desmoid; Gastro-intestinal stromal tumors; Lymphangioma; Mesenteric panniculitis; Mesentery; Multidetector computed tomography.