Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer With Abiraterone and Enzalutamide Despite PSA Progression

Anticancer Res. 2019 May;39(5):2467-2473. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.13366.

Abstract

Background/aim: National guidelines offer little guidance on the use of PSA progression (PSA increase as defined below) as a clinical endpoint in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of the study was to examine treatment patterns/outcomes with abiraterone (abi)/enzalutamide (enza) throughout PSA progression and near the end of life (EOL).

Patients and methods: Cases of mCRPC treated with abi or enza from the New York Veterans Affairs (VA) from 6/2011-8/2017 were reviewed. Regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with continuation of abi/enza treatment up to the EOL, and survival.

Results: Of 184 patients, 72 received abi alone, 28 received enza alone, and 84 received both. Treatment was changed for PSA progression alone in 39.1% (abi) and 25.7% (enza) of patients. A total of 37 patients (20%) received abi/enza within 1 month before death, 30% of whom were receiving hospice services. Older patients and black patients were less likely to receive abi/enza up to the EOL.

Conclusion: Abi/enza are frequently discontinued for PSA progression alone and continued at EOL. The clinical benefit of these practices warrants additional study.

Keywords: Abiraterone; PSA progression; enzalutamide; prostate cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Androstenes / administration & dosage*
  • Benzamides
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Nitriles
  • Phenylthiohydantoin / administration & dosage
  • Phenylthiohydantoin / analogs & derivatives*
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / blood*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / blood
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / drug therapy*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / pathology
  • Terminal Care
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Androstenes
  • Benzamides
  • Nitriles
  • Phenylthiohydantoin
  • enzalutamide
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen
  • abiraterone