The understanding of genetic alterations that drive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is evolving. As many of these molecularly-defined subtypes are potentially actionable, new strategies in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies in NSCLC to detect and treat them are being explored. At the International Association for Study of Lung Cancer 19th World Conference, several abstracts and oral presentations related to this topic. In this report, we discuss some of these updates.