Epithelial ovarian cancer: Evolution of management in the era of precision medicine

CA Cancer J Clin. 2019 Jul;69(4):280-304. doi: 10.3322/caac.21559. Epub 2019 May 17.

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death in women around the world. The outcomes are complicated, because the disease is often diagnosed late and composed of several subtypes with distinct biological and molecular properties (even within the same histological subtype), and there is inconsistency in availability of and access to treatment. Upfront treatment largely relies on debulking surgery to no residual disease and platinum-based chemotherapy, with the addition of antiangiogenic agents in patients who have suboptimally debulked and stage IV disease. Major improvement in maintenance therapy has been seen by incorporating inhibitors against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) molecules involved in the DNA damage-repair process, which have been approved in a recurrent setting and recently in a first-line setting among women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. In recognizing the challenges facing the treatment of ovarian cancer, current investigations are enlaced with deep molecular and cellular profiling. To improve survival in this aggressive disease, access to appropriate evidence-based care is requisite. In concert, realizing individualized precision medicine will require prioritizing clinical trials of innovative treatments and refining predictive biomarkers that will enable selection of patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, targeted agents, or immunotherapy. Together, a coordinated and structured approach will accelerate significant clinical and academic advancements in ovarian cancer and meaningfully change the paradigm of care.

Keywords: clinical trials; gynecologic oncology; medical oncology; molecularly targeted therapies; ovarian neoplasms.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial / prevention & control
  • Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial / therapy*
  • Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / therapy
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / pathology
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Precision Medicine*
  • Second-Look Surgery

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents