Considering the incidence, high risk of progression and severe consequences of renal pathology, a preventive therapy as well as correction of kidney dysfunction are issues of a great importance today. An essential condition for an improvement of nephroprotection is a determination of new mechanisms of disturbances and restoration of homeostatic kidney processes. A unique physiological role of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels and their participation in adaptive-compensatory reactions substantiate the feasibility of search for effective nephroprotectors among pharmacological modulators of their activity. The goal of research - to generalize available scientific data concerning the influence of KATP channels activators on kidneys for prospective administration of these pharmacological class representatives in nephroprotection. Analysis of renal effects of KATP channels activators allows stating a fact of perspectivity of the further studies of these pharmacological class representatives as the potential nephroprotectors in glomerular and tubular damage of the nephron.