Voltammetric sensing of formaldehyde by using a nanocomposite prepared by reductive deposition of palladium and platinum on polypyrrole-coated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

Mohammad R Mahmoudian; Wan J Basirun; Pei M Woi; Hassan Hazarkhani; Yatimah B Alias

doi:10.1007/s00604-019-3481-y

Voltammetric sensing of formaldehyde by using a nanocomposite prepared by reductive deposition of palladium and platinum on polypyrrole-coated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

Mikrochim Acta. 2019 May 22;186(6):369. doi: 10.1007/s00604-019-3481-y.

Authors

Mohammad R Mahmoudian¹, Wan J Basirun², Pei M Woi², Hassan Hazarkhani³, Yatimah B Alias⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, University of Farhangian, Tehran, 11369, Iran. M_R_mahmoudian@yahoo.com.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Department of Chemistry, Organization for Educational Research and Planning, Tehran, 11369, Iran.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Yatimah70@um.edu.my.

PMID: 31119482
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3481-y

Abstract

The study presents the synthesis of polypyrrole-coated palladium platinum/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (PdPt-PPy/N-rGO NC) via direct the reduction of Pd(II) and Pt(II) in the presence of pyrrole monomer, N-rGO and L-cysteine as the reducing agent. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of metallic Pd and Pt from the reduction of Pd and Pt cations. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the presence of Pd, Pt and PPy deposition on N-rGO. Impedance spectroscopy results gave a decreased charge transfer resistance due to the presence of N-rGO. The nanocomposites were synthesized with different Pd/Pt ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the nanocomposite showed enhanced electrochemical sensing capability for formaldehyde in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution. Cyclic voltammetry showed an increase in the formaldehyde oxidation peak current at the GCE modified with Pd₂Pt₁ PPy N-rGO. At a typical potential of 0.45 V (vs. SCE), the sensitivity in the linear segment was 345.8 μA.mM ^-1. cm^-2. The voltammetric response was linear between 0.01 and 0.9 mM formaldehyde concentration range, with a 27 µM detection limit (at S/N = 3). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of formaldehyde detection by Pd₂Pt₁-PPy/nitrogen-doped reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite (Pd₂Pt₁-PPy /N-Gr NC). The decrease of charge transfer resistance and the agglomeration of deposited metals in the presence of N-rGO enhance the current response of the electrochemical sensor.

Keywords: Electrochemical sensor; Formaldehyde sensor; Nanostructure; Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide; Polypyrrole; Voltammetric sensing.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't