Scleroderma: An insight into causes, pathogenesis and treatment strategies

Deependra Singh; Arun Ks Parihar; Satish Patel; Shikha Srivastava; Prakriti Diwan; Manju R Singh

doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.05.003

Scleroderma: An insight into causes, pathogenesis and treatment strategies

Pathophysiology. 2019 Jun;26(2):103-114. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 18.

Authors

Deependra Singh¹, Arun Ks Parihar², Satish Patel³, Shikha Srivastava⁴, Prakriti Diwan³, Manju R Singh⁵

Affiliations

¹ University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India.
² University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, Raipur (C.G), 492001, India.
³ University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India.
⁴ University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P, India.
⁵ University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India. Electronic address: manjursu@gmail.com.

PMID: 31130325
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.05.003

Abstract

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder, characterized by morphological changes in skin followed by visceral organs. The pathogenesis of scleroderma involves immune imbalance and generation of auto antibodies. The major causes of scleroderma include multitude of factors such as immune imbalance, oxidative stress, genetics and environment factors. A constant effort has been made to treat scleroderma through different approaches and necessitates life time administration of drugs for maintenance of a good quality life. It has been reported more in women compared to men. Traditional treatment strategies are restricted by limited therapeutic capability due to associated side effects. Advancement in development of novel drug delivery approaches has opened a newer avenue for efficient therapy. Current review is an effort to reflect scleroderma in provisions of its pathogenesis, causative factors, and therapeutic approaches, with concern to mode of action, pharmacokinetics, marketed products, and side effects of drugs.

Keywords: Antioxidants; Autoimmune disorders; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Scleroderma.

Publication types

Review