Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in people 60 years old and above, and to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.
Methods: The database of China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015 was used. Basic information(age, gender), anthropometric data(height, weight and waist size), blood biochemical data and demographic data(occupation, income, education level and geographic location) were included. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was adopted, the county, city, village and suburban village as the basic survey points. Twenty families were randomly selected from each survey site, and all family members were investigated. A total of 3276 people aged 60 years and above were selected as subjects, with the proportion of males was 46. 8%, and the average age was 68 years. According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF) in 2005, there were five cardiometabolic risk factors, central obesity, raised triglycerides(TG), reduced high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), raised blood pressure and raised plasma glucose. Existing of 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time was recognized as a risk factor clustering. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.
Results: In elderly of 15 provinces(regions, municipalities) of China, the prevalence of central obesity, raised blood pressure, raised plasma glucose, raised TG and reduced HDL-C were 57. 8%, 71. 3%, 25. 0%, 27. 6% and 40. 1% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed there were more risk of central obesity(OR=3. 66, 95%CI 3. 16-4. 26), raised TG(OR=1. 60, 95%CI 1. 36-1. 88) and reduced HDL-C(OR=2. 77, 95%CI 2. 38-3. 23)in women than those in men, and less risk of raised blood pressure(OR=0. 84, 95%CI 0. 0. 72-0. 99) in women than those in men. Elderly in the eastern region were significantly more likely to suffer from raised blood pressure(OR=1. 45, 95%CI 1. 20-1. 76) and raised plasma glucose(OR=1. 38, 95%CI 1. 14-1. 67) than those in the mid region. A correlation was found between gender, education level, regions and metabolic risk factors(P<0. 05). Income and metabolic risk factors clustering were positively correlated(P<0. 05).
Conclusion: The problem of elevated blood pressure and central obesity in cardiometabolic risk factors were more prominent in the 15 provinces(regions, municipalities) of China. The elderly which was female, in eastern region, had high income or education level relatively had higher risk of risk factors clustering, which should be focused on prevention and control.
Keywords: cardiometabolic risk factors; demographic factors; elderly.