Background and aims: Traumatic pancreatic injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and the management strategies associated with the best clinical outcomes are unknown. Our aims were to identify the incidence of traumatic pancreatic injury in adult patients in the United States using the National Trauma Data Bank, evaluate management strategies and clinical outcomes, and identify predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed National Trauma Data Bank data from 2007 to 2011, and identified patients ⩾14 years old with pancreatic injuries either due to blunt or penetrating trauma. Patient characteristics, injury-associated factors, clinical outcomes, and in-hospital mortality rates were evaluated and compared between two groups stratified by injury type (blunt vs penetrating trauma). Statistical analyses used included Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and analysis of variance. Factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression.
Results: We identified 8386 (0.3%) patients with pancreatic injuries. Of these, 3244 (38.7%) had penetrating injuries and 5142 (61.3%) had blunt injuries. Penetrating traumas were more likely to undergo surgical management compared with blunt traumas. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.2% (n = 1776), with penetrating traumas more likely to be associated with mortality (26.5% penetrating vs 17.8% blunt, p < 0.001). Unadjusted mortality rates varied by management strategy, from 6.7% for those treated with a drainage procedure to >15% in those treated with pancreatic repair or resection. Adjusted analysis identified drainage procedure as an independent factor associated with decreased mortality. Independent predictors of mortality included age ⩾70 years, injury severity score ⩾15, Glasgow Coma Scale motor <6, gunshot wound, and associated injuries.
Conclusions: Traumatic pancreatic injuries are a rare but critical condition. The incidence of pancreatic injury was 0.3%. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 53% and 21.2%, respectively. Patients undergoing less invasive procedures, such as drainage, were associated with improved outcomes.
Keywords: Pancreatic trauma; incidence; management strategies; mortality and morbidity; outcomes.