1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Electronic address: vinod.h.thourani@medstar.net.
2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
3 Department of Surgery and Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
4 Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
6 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Research Center, Chicago, Illinois.
7 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
8 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts.
9 Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina.
10 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
11 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
12 Department of Surgery, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio.
13 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Massachusetts and Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts.