Awareness of Physicians and Clinical Pharmacists About ACC/AHA Guidelines for Dyslipidemia Management: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mohammad Fathullah Zaitoun; Mais Hasan Iflaifel; Loloah Abdullah Almulhim; Mohammed Ali Al-Ghamdi; Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim

doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_59_18

Awareness of Physicians and Clinical Pharmacists About ACC/AHA Guidelines for Dyslipidemia Management: A Cross-Sectional Study

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019 Apr-Jun;11(2):181-186. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_59_18.

Authors

Mohammad Fathullah Zaitoun¹, Mais Hasan Iflaifel¹, Loloah Abdullah Almulhim², Mohammed Ali Al-Ghamdi³, Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
³ Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although genetics could contribute to the incidence of CVD, they are mostly acquired conditions. Management of precipitating factors such as hyperlipidemia can prevent CVD. Therefore, clinical guidelines have been used as a tool to improve patient outcomes and minimize practice variation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess health-care providers' (physicians and clinical pharmacists) awareness about the latest edition of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines of dyslipidemia management.

Materials and methods: To meet the study objective, a self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the recommendations of the latest edition of the ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management. After validation, the questionnaire was distributed to physicians and clinical pharmacists in Al-Ahsa province of Saudi Arabia.

Results: Validation of the questionnaire was carried on 10 participants (Cronbach's alpha = 0.816). Seventy-seven participants completed the questionnaire (acceptance rate = 51.33%). The majority of participants knew about the release of the ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines for dyslipidemia (77% of the physicians and 48% of the clinical pharmacist). Inadequate knowledge of the major changes in the dyslipidemia management was observed in both study groups with no significant difference between them (the median score for physicians and pharmacists was 4 out of 10 with a range of 1-9, Z = -0.15, P = 0.88).

Conclusion: Inadequate level of knowledge about practice-changing recommendations of the recent ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management was observed among the study participants. This level of knowledge could result in clinical malpractice and worsen management outcomes. Thus, efforts should be in place to raise awareness about the evidence-based management of dyslipidemia and monitor compliance to guidelines and their implementation outcomes.

Keywords: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular diseases; clinical pharmacists; dyslipidemia; guidelines; physicians.