PARP-1 Is Critical for Recruitment of Dendritic Cells to the Lung in a Mouse Model of Asthma but Dispensable for Their Differentiation and Function

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in asthma and many other immune diseases. We previously demonstrated a role for PARP-1 in asthma. Evidence on PARP-1 playing a role in Th2-associated DC function is not clear. In this study, we examined whether PARP-1 is critical for DC differentiation and function using bone marrow progenitors and their migration to the lung in an ovalbumin-based mouse model of asthma. Results show that changes in PARP-1 levels during GM-CSF-induced DC differentiation from bone marrow progenitors were cyclic and appear to be part of an array of changes that included STAT3/STAT5/STAT6/GRAIL/RAD51. Interestingly, PARP-1 gene deletion affected primarily STAT6 and γH2AX. PARP-1 inhibition significantly reduced the migration of DCs to the lungs of ovalbumin-challenged mice, which was associated with a concomitant reduction in lung levels of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1. The requirement of PARP-1 for VCAM-1 expression was confirmed using endothelial and lung smooth muscle cells. PARP-1 expression and activity were also required for VCAM-1 in differentiated DCs. An assessment of CD11b⁺/CD11c⁺/MHCII^high DCs in spleens and lymph nodes of OVA-sensitized mice revealed that PARP-1 inhibition genetically or by olaparib exerted little to no effect on DC differentiation, percentage of CD80⁺/CD86⁺/CD40⁺-expressing cells, or their capacity to promote proliferation of ovalbumin-primed (OTII) CD4⁺ T cells. These findings were corroborated using GM-CSF-induced differentiation of DCs from the bone marrow. Surprisingly, the PARP-1^-/- DCs exhibited a higher intrinsic capacity to induce OTII CD4⁺ T cell proliferation in the absence of ovalbumin. Overall, our results show that PARP-1 plays little to no role in DC differentiation and function and that the protective effect of PARP-1 inhibition against asthma is associated with a prevention of DC migration to the lung through a reduction in VCAM-1 expression. Given the current use of PARP inhibitors (e.g., olaparib) in the clinic, the present results may be of interest for the relevant therapies.