Piridoxilate is an association of glyoxylic acid and pyridoxine in which pyridoxine is supposed to facilitate in vivo transformation of glyoxylic acid to glycine rather than to oxalic acid. However, it has recently been shown that long-term treatment with piridoxilate may result in overproduction of oxalic acid and in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. We report a patient in whom piridoxilate induced both oxalate nephrolithiasis and chronic oxalate nephropathy with renal insufficiency, an association that has not been previously described. Therefore, piridoxilate should be added to the list of chemicals responsible for chronic oxalate nephropathy.