Self-Expandable Stents in Vascular Stenosis of Moderate to Large-Sized Vessels in Congenital Heart Disease: Early and Intermediate-Term Results

Abstract

Background and objectives: Vascular stenosis after surgical repair frequently occurs in congenital heart disease. Although conventional balloon dilation is a useful option for stenotic lesions, restenosis may occur. Consequently, balloon expandable stents have been used; however, there are a limited number of balloon expandable stents in our country. Here, we report the early and intermediate-term outcomes of self-expandable stents in vascular stenosis of moderate to large-sized vessels in congenital heart disease.

Methods: Twelve self-expandable stents were implanted in 9 patients between February 2012 and January 2019. The median age and weight were 12 years (range, 4-39 years) and 38 kg (range, 19-69 kg), respectively. The patients were followed-up for a median duration of 43 months (range, 1-83 months) after stent implantation.

Results: Nine self-expandable stents were implanted in the pulmonary artery, 2 stents in the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery conduit, and 1 stent in the coarctation. The narrowest diameter of the stented vessel increased from 5.7±3.2 mm to 12.6±3.4 mm (p<0.05). The mean pressure gradient across the stenotic lesion decreased from 23.0±28.2 mmHg to 3.2±3.6 mmHg (p<0.05). Distal migration of the stent occurred in 1 patient, and significant neointimal ingrowth was noted in 1 patient.

Conclusions: The self-expandable stent may be a useful option to relieve vascular stenosis in moderate to large-sized vessels with acceptable intermediate-term outcomes.

Keywords: Catheterization; Congenital; Heart; Stents.