An in vitro study of a novel quaternary ammonium silane endodontic irrigant

U Daood; A Parolia; A Elkezza; C K Yiu; P Abbott; J P Matinlinna; A S Fawzy

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.020

An in vitro study of a novel quaternary ammonium silane endodontic irrigant

Dent Mater. 2019 Sep;35(9):1264-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.020. Epub 2019 Jun 12.

Authors

U Daood¹, A Parolia², A Elkezza², C K Yiu³, P Abbott⁴, J P Matinlinna⁵, A S Fawzy⁴

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: umerdaood@imu.edu.my.
² Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
⁴ UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
⁵ Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

PMID: 31201019
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.020

Abstract

Objective: To analyze effect of NaOCl+2% quaternary ammonium silane (QAS)-containing novel irrigant against bacteria impregnated inside the root canal system, and to evaluate its antimicrobial and mechanical potential of dentine substrate.

Methods: Root canal was prepared using stainless steel K-files™ and ProTaper™ and subjected to manual and ultrasonic irrigation using 6% NaOCl+2% CHX, 6% NaOCl+2% QAS and saline as control. For confocal-microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis before and after treatment, Enterococcus faecalis cultured for 7 days. Raman spectroscopy analysis was done across cut section of gutta percha/sealer-dentine to detect resin infiltration. Indentation of mechanical properties was evaluated using a Berkovich indenter. The contact angle of irrigants and surface free energy were evaluated. Mineralization nodules were detected through Alazarin red after 14 days.

Results: Control biofilms showed dense green colonies. Majority of E. faecalis bacteria were present in biofilm fluoresced red in NaOCl+2% QAS group. There was reduction of 484cm^-1 Raman band and its intensity reached lowest with NaOCl+2% QAS. There was an increase in 1350-1420cm^-1 intensity in the NaOCl+2% CHX groups. Gradual decrease in 1639cm^-1 and 1609cm^-1 Raman signal ratios were seen in the resin-depth region of 17μm>, 14.1μm> and 13.2μm for NaOCl+2% QAS, NaOCl+2% CHX and control groups respectively. All obturated groups showed an intact sealer/dentine interface with a few notable differences. 0.771 and 83.5% creep indentation distance for NaOCl+2% QAS ultrasonic groups were observed. Highest proportion of polar component was significantly found in the NaOCl+2% QAS groups which was significantly higher as compared to other groups. Mineralized nodules were increased in NaOCl+2% QAS.

Significance: Favorable antimicrobial and endodontic profile of the NaOCl+2% QAS solution might suggest clinical use for it for more predictable reduction of intracanal bacteria.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Condensation; Confocal microscopy; E. faecalis; Quaternary ammonium silane; Raman spectroscopy; Root dentine.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Ammonium Compounds*
Biofilms
Dental Pulp Cavity
Dentin
Enterococcus faecalis
Root Canal Irrigants*
Silanes

Substances

Ammonium Compounds
Root Canal Irrigants
Silanes