BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of plasma fibrinogen, serum albumin, the mean platelet volume (MPV), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) who underwent surgical resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study included 110 patients with LSCC who underwent surgical resection between January 2008 to June 2015. Clinicopathologic and demographic data were recorded. Preoperative levels of plasma fibrinogen, serum albumin, MPV, and NLR were measured, and all patients underwent postoperative follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the impact of these factors on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia was significantly correlated with clinical stage, T stage, and tumor location in patients with LSCC (P<0.05). Serum albumin, MPV, and NLR were significantly correlated with the clinical stage and the T stage (P<0.05). The OS and DFS were significantly reduced in patients with hyperfibrinogenemia compared with patients with plasma fibrinogen <4 g/dL (P<0.05). Serum albumin of 35 g/L was not significantly correlated with OS (P>0.05). Patients with an MPV <9.5 fL had a significantly longer OS compared with patients with an MPV ≥9.5 fL (P=0.026). The DFS of patients with an NLR <2.22 was significantly longer than for those with an NLR ≥2.22. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia, increased MPV and NLR were associated with reduced prognosis in patients with LSCC.