Background: Family members are involved in the decision-making process of advance care planning (ACP). However, there is limited evidence about how family caregiving situations affect engagement in ACP. Objective: To understand how agreement on caregiving situations and caregiving burdens are predictive of engagement in ACP of older adults. Design: Cross-sectional secondary data. Setting/Subjects: Subjects were nationally representative of adults ages 65 or older from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Measurements: Informal engagement in ACP was measured based on whether respondents had discussed an end-of-life care option. The study involving formal engagement in ACP asked whether respondents have completed durable powers of attorney or living wills. Family members' agreement on caregiving situations and caregiving burdens were used to measure caregiving situations. We also include sociodemographic and health-related variables. Results: Higher levels of disagreement between family members concerning care for older adults were associated with engagement in formal ACP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5); there were higher levels of caregiver burdens with engagement in formal ACP (OR = 1.1). The factors of being age 85 or older (OR = 2.2) and having fallen down in the previous year (OR = 1.9) were also related to formal engagement in ACP. Being white and having high school diplomas were associated with both informal and formal engagement in ACP. Conclusions: Caregiving situations may affect care recipients' decision-making regarding informal and formal engagement in ACP in different ways, suggesting different intervention strategies for different types of ACP.
Keywords: advance care planning; advance directives; caregiving situations; living will; older adults.