Mamey sapote fruit and carotenoid formulations derived thereof are dietary sources of vitamin A - A comparative randomized cross-over study

Tania Chacón-Ordóñez; Patricia Esquivel; Silvia Quesada; Randall R Jiménez; Aracelly Cordero; Reinhold Carle; Ralf Schweiggert

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.009

Mamey sapote fruit and carotenoid formulations derived thereof are dietary sources of vitamin A - A comparative randomized cross-over study

Food Res Int. 2019 Aug:122:340-347. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.009. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Authors

Tania Chacón-Ordóñez¹, Patricia Esquivel², Silvia Quesada³, Randall R Jiménez⁴, Aracelly Cordero², Reinhold Carle⁵, Ralf Schweiggert⁶

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
² School of Food Technology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica.
³ Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica.
⁴ Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
⁵ Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany. Electronic address: Ralf.Schweiggert@hs-gm.de.

PMID: 31229087
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.009

Abstract

Mamey sapote is a fruit rich in specific keto-carotenoids, namely sapotexanthin and cryptocapsin. Their chemical structure suggests their provitamin A activity, although their absorption and conversion to vitamin A remained to be demonstrated in humans. Besides structure-related factors, the fruit matrix might also hamper absorption and conversion efficiency. Therefore, we monitored carotenoid and vitamin A levels in triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions in plasma of human participants after consumption of fresh sapote and a carotenoid-rich "matrix-free" formulation derived thereof. A randomized 2-way cross-over study was conducted to compare the post-prandial bioavailability of 0.8 mg sapotexanthin and 1.2-1.5 mg cryptocapsin from the above-mentioned test meals. Seven blood samples were drawn over 9.5 h after test meal consumption. Carotenoids and retinoids were quantitated in TRL fractions using HPLC-DAD. Sapotexanthin was absorbed by all participants from all meals, being ca. 36% more bioavailable from the "matrix-free" formulation (AUC_median = 73.4 nmol∙h/L) than from the fresh fruit (AUC_median = 54.0 nmol∙h/L; p ≤ 0.001). Cryptocapsin was only absorbed by 4 of 13 participants. The appearance of retinyl esters was observed in all participants independent of the test meal. Although the fruit matrix hampered carotenoid in vivo-bioavailability from sapote, the fruit clearly represents a valuable source of vitamin A for humans.

Keywords: Bioavailability; Keto-carotenoids; Mamey sapote; Retinyl esters; Sapotexanthin; Vitamin A.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Biological Availability
Carotenoids / blood*
Carotenoids / pharmacokinetics*
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Female
Fruit / chemistry
Humans
Male
Manilkara / chemistry*
Postprandial Period / physiology
Vitamin A / metabolism*
Young Adult

Substances

Vitamin A
Carotenoids