Ketogenic diet: overview, types, and possible anti-seizure mechanisms

Nutr Neurosci. 2021 Apr;24(4):307-316. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1627769. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for a long time as a therapeutic approach for drug-resistant epilepsy. It is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein diet. There are various types of KD with some differences in their compositions that mainly include classic KD, medium-chain triglyceride diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index treatment. The anti-seizure mechanisms of KDs have not yet completely understood but, some possible mechanisms can be theorized. The aim of the present study was to review the various types of KD and explain the probable biochemical mechanisms involved in its anti-seizure property.

Keywords: Classic ketogenic diet; ketone bodies; low glycemic index treatment; mechanism of action; medium-chain triglyceride diet; modified Atkins diet; neuronal death; polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diet, Fat-Restricted
  • Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate
  • Diet, Ketogenic*
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy* / drug therapy
  • Glycemic Index
  • Humans
  • Seizures* / drug therapy
  • Seizures* / prevention & control
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Triglycerides

Substances

  • Triglycerides