The content of vasoactive compounds and arachidonic acid in the placenta and amniotic fluid was studied in full-term (39-40 weeks) physiological pregnancy and preeclampsia (PE). The content of metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx), endothelin-1, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostacycline (PGI2) and arachidonic acid was estimated using spectrophotometric, immunoenzyme methods and gas-liquid chromatography. It was found that in PE the content of vasoconstrictors, of endothelin and TxB2, increased in the placenta and amniotic fluid, while the content of vasodilators, PGI2 and NOx decreased. Despite the same directionality of changes in both studied objects, the degree of changes differed and was more pronounced in the placenta. A direct or inverse correlative relationship was found between various vasoactive components (depending on their effect on vascular tone). In the case of arachidonic acid changes in its content in PE correlated with the level of vasoactive compounds, the source of which it is. The revealed differences in the ratio of vasoactive components obviously play a pathogenetic role in the development of PE and its subsequent complications.
Izucheno soderzhanie vazoaktivnykh soedineniĭ i arakhidonovoĭ kisloty v platsente i okoloplodnykh vodakh pri donoshennoĭ (39-40 nedel') fiziologicheskoĭ beremennosti i preéklampsii (PÉ). S pomoshch'iu spektrofotometricheskikh, immunofermentnykh metodov i gazozhidkostnoĭ khromatografii otsenivali soderzhanie metabolitov oksida azota (NOx), éndotelina-1 (ÉT-1), tromboksana B2 (TxB2), prostatsiklina (PGI2) i arakhidonovoĭ kisloty. Ustanovleno, chto pri PÉ kolichestvo vazokonstriktorov ÉT-1 i TxB2 vozrastaet v platsente i okoloplodnykh vodakh, a vazodilatatorov – NOx i PGI2 snizhaetsia. Na fone odinakovoĭ napravlennosti izmeneniĭ v oboikh issledovannykh ob"ektakh stepen' izmeneniia razlichna i bolee vyrazhena v platsente. Mezhdu razlichnymi vazoaktivnymi komponentami obnaruzhena priamaia ili obratnaia korreliatsionnaia vzaimosviaz' (v zavisimosti ot ikh vliianiia na sosudistyĭ tonus). Izmenenie soderzhaniia arakhidonovoĭ kisloty pri PÉ korrelirovalo s urovnem vazoaktivnykh soedineniĭ, istochnikom kotorykh ona iavliaetsia. Vyiavlennye otlichiia v sootnoshenii vazoaktivnykh komponentov, ochevidno, igraiut patogeneticheskuiu rol' v razvitii PÉ i ee posleduiushchikh oslozhneniĭ.
Keywords: amniotic fluid; arachidonic acid; placenta; preeclampsia; vasoactive components.