Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6

. 2019 Jul 3;12(1):333.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6.

Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

Samuel Demok¹, Nancy Endersby-Harshman², Rebecca Vinit¹, Lincoln Timinao^{1

3}, Leanne J Robinson^{1

4}, Melinda Susapu⁵, Leo Makita⁵, Moses Laman¹, Ary Hoffmann², Stephan Karl^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 378, Madang, 511, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
² School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
³ Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4870, Australia.
⁴ Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
⁵ National Department of Health, Waigani Drive, P.O. Box 807, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
⁶ Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 378, Madang, 511, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. stephan.karl@jcu.edu.au.
⁷ Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4870, Australia. stephan.karl@jcu.edu.au.

PMID: 31269965
PMCID: PMC6609403
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6

Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

Samuel Demok et al. Parasit Vectors. 2019.

. 2019 Jul 3;12(1):333.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6.

Authors

Samuel Demok¹, Nancy Endersby-Harshman², Rebecca Vinit¹, Lincoln Timinao^{1

3}, Leanne J Robinson^{1

4}, Melinda Susapu⁵, Leo Makita⁵, Moses Laman¹, Ary Hoffmann², Stephan Karl^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 378, Madang, 511, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
² School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
³ Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4870, Australia.
⁴ Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
⁵ National Department of Health, Waigani Drive, P.O. Box 807, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
⁶ Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 378, Madang, 511, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. stephan.karl@jcu.edu.au.
⁷ Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4870, Australia. stephan.karl@jcu.edu.au.

PMID: 31269965
PMCID: PMC6609403
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are important vectors of infectious diseases, especially those caused by arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Aedes aegypti is very well adapted to urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus inhabits more rural settings. Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in these vectors, but limited data exist from the Southwest Pacific Region, especially from Melanesia. While Aedes vector ecology is well documented in Australia, where incursion of Ae. albopictus and pyrethroid resistance have so far been prevented, almost nothing is known about Aedes populations in neighbouring Papua New Guinea (PNG). With pyrethroid resistance documented in parts of Indonesia but not in Australia, it is important to determine the distribution of susceptible and resistant Aedes populations in this region.

Methods: The present study was aimed at assessing Aedes populations for insecticide resistance in Madang and Port Moresby, located on the north and south coasts of PNG, respectively. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps and reared in an insectary. Standard WHO bioassays using insecticide-treated filter papers were conducted on a total of 253 Ae. aegypti and 768 Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes. Subsets of samples from both species (55 Ae. aegypti and 48 Ae. albopictus) were screened for knockdown resistance mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene, the target site of pyrethroid insecticides.

Results: High levels of resistance against pyrethroids were identified in Ae. aegypti from Madang and Port Moresby. Aedes albopictus exhibited susceptibility to pyrethroids, but moderate levels of resistance to DDT. Mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected in all Ae. aegypti samples screened. Some genotypes found in the present study had been observed previously in Indonesia. No Vssc mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in the Ae. albopictus samples.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in PNG. Interestingly, usage of insecticides in PNG is low, apart from long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed for malaria control. Further investigations on how these resistant Ae. aegypti mosquito populations arose in PNG and how they are being sustained are warranted.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Bioassay; Deltamethrin; Insecticide; Madang; Papua New Guinea; Port Moresby; Pyrethroid resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Location of the study sites and relative distribution of *Aedes* spp. in December 2018

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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[1] Fonzi E, Higa Y, Bertuso AG, Futami K, Minakawa N. Human-mediated marine dispersal influences the population structure of Aedes aegypti in the Philippine Archipelago. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003829. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Fonzi E, Higa Y, Bertuso AG, Futami K, Minakawa N. Human-mediated marine dispersal influences the population structure of Aedes aegypti in the Philippine Archipelago. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003829. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Hill MP, Axford JK, Hoffmann AA. Predicting the spread of Aedes albopictus in Australia under current and future climates: multiple approaches and datasets to incorporate potential evolutionary divergence. Aust Ecol. 2014;39:469–478. doi: 10.1111/aec.12105. - DOI

[4] Hill MP, Axford JK, Hoffmann AA. Predicting the spread of Aedes albopictus in Australia under current and future climates: multiple approaches and datasets to incorporate potential evolutionary divergence. Aust Ecol. 2014;39:469–478. doi: 10.1111/aec.12105. - DOI

[5] Kraemer MU, Sinka ME, Duda KA, Mylne AQ, Shearer FM, Barker CM, et al. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Elife. 2015;4:e08347. doi: 10.7554/eLife.08347. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Kraemer MU, Sinka ME, Duda KA, Mylne AQ, Shearer FM, Barker CM, et al. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Elife. 2015;4:e08347. doi: 10.7554/eLife.08347. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Lounibos LP, Juliano SA. Where vectors collide: the importance of mechanisms shaping the realized niche for modeling ranges of invasive Aedes mosquitoes. Biol Invasions. 2018;20:1913–1929. doi: 10.1007/s10530-018-1674-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Lounibos LP, Juliano SA. Where vectors collide: the importance of mechanisms shaping the realized niche for modeling ranges of invasive Aedes mosquitoes. Biol Invasions. 2018;20:1913–1929. doi: 10.1007/s10530-018-1674-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Maynard AJ, Ambrose L, Cooper RD, Chow WK, Davis JB, Muzari MO, et al. Tiger on the prowl: invasion history and spatio-temporal genetic structure of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in the Indo-Pacific. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005546. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005546. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Maynard AJ, Ambrose L, Cooper RD, Chow WK, Davis JB, Muzari MO, et al. Tiger on the prowl: invasion history and spatio-temporal genetic structure of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in the Indo-Pacific. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005546. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005546. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

Affiliations

Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

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Conflict of interest statement

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