Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) needles in Shanghai, China

Xue-Tong Wang; Ying Zhou; Bao-Ping Hu; Rui Fu; Hang-Xin Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.002

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) needles in Shanghai, China

Environ Pollut. 2019 Sep;252(Pt B):1819-1827. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Authors

Xue-Tong Wang¹, Ying Zhou², Bao-Ping Hu², Rui Fu², Hang-Xin Cheng³

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China. Electronic address: wangxt@shu.edu.cn.
² Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China; Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geoscience, Langfang 065000, China.

PMID: 31299511
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.002

Abstract

Twenty-six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) accumulated by Masson pine needles from different areas of Shanghai were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of Σ₂₆PAHs (sum of 26 PAHs) ranged from 234 × 10^-3 to 5370 × 10^-3 mg kg^-1. Levels of Σ₂₆PAHs in different sampling areas followed the order: urban areas (Puxi and Pudong) > suburbs > Chongming. Total concentrations of 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 225 × 10^-3 to 5180 × 10^-3 mg kg^-1, ranking at a relatively high level compared to other regions around the world. Factor analysis and multi-linear regression model has identified six sources of PAHs with relative contributions of 15.1% for F1 (vehicle emissions), 47.8% for F2 (natural gas and biomass combustion), 7.8% for F3 (oil), 10.6% for F4 (coal combustion), 15.7% for F5 ("anthracene" source) and 3.0% for F6 (coke tar). Total concentrations of 4 SMCs varied between 0.071 × 10^-3 and 2.72 × 10^-3 mg kg^-1 in pine needles from Shanghai. SMCs with the highest detected frequency were Galaxolide and musk xylene, followed by musk ketone and Tonalide. The highest level of SMCs was found near industrial park and daily chemical plant. The results obtained from this study may have important reference value for local government in the control of atmospheric organic pollution.

Keywords: Factor analysis; Masson pine needle; PAHs; Source apportionment; Synthetic musk compounds.

MeSH terms

Air Pollution / analysis
China
Coal / analysis
Coke / analysis
Environmental Monitoring / methods*
Environmental Pollution / analysis*
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / analysis*
Pinus / chemistry*
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / analysis*
Traffic-Related Pollution / analysis
Vehicle Emissions / analysis

Substances

Coal
Coke
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Vehicle Emissions
musk