Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute experimental knee joint pain on maximum force generation and rate of force development (RFD) of the quadriceps muscle during isometric and dynamic muscle activations.
Methods: The right knee of 20 healthy people was injected with hypertonic saline to create an acute pain experience. Measurements of maximum knee extensor torque during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions were undertaken using a Biodex dynamometer. The RFD was also examined during the isometric contractions. Quadriceps muscle activity was obtained using electromyography (EMG). The outcome measures were obtained at baseline, during pain, and after knee pain had resolved.
Results: Maximum joint torque and peak EMG were significantly reduced during pain, but there were no differences across the three types of contraction. The maximum RFD and rate of EMG rise were also reduced during pain, primarily at 50-100 ms post-contraction onset. The RFD and EMG rise were largely unaffected at later time periods following contraction onset (150-200 ms).
Conclusions: Acute joint pain has a similar impact on isometric and isokinetic contractions despite differences in neural control strategies. Joint pain also impairs rapid muscle activation and the RFD. These findings are important for people with musculoskeletal pain as it likely contributes to impairments in joint function in these populations.
Keywords: Acute pain; Knee extensors; Maximum voluntary contraction; Rate of force development.