Leishmaniasis is a chronic protozoan disease that is found in diverse geographical areas of the world. Leishmania spp. are endemic in the Mediterranean coasts of southern Europe. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in the defence of the host against infection by Leishmania spp. In this case report we describe Leishmania infection caused by a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α: infliximab. A 51-year-old patient with psoriatic arthritis treated with infliximab, 5 mg/kg every 6 weeks as immunomodulatory treatment and methotrexate 10 mg weekly as a conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, visited his otorhinolaryngologist owing to a lesion in his left nostril. The lesion was diagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis so treatment with infliximab was suspended. The patient was then treated with liposomal amphotericin B and showed a total recovery of the lesion; liposomal amphotericin B was maintained at 5 mg/kg monthly.
Keywords: anti-tnf; immunosuppression; infliximab; leishmaniasis; psoriatic arthritis.