Designing cancer vaccines has been at the forefront of cancer research for over two-and-a-half decades. In particular, delivery methods used to stimulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This special issue presents new tumor associated antigens, delivery methods, combination immune therapies, methods of measuring immunity induced following cancer vaccinations, and mechanisms in understanding tumor microenvironments and immunosuppression-all beneficial for the design of improved cancer vaccines.
Keywords: antigen delivery; cancer vaccines; checkpoint markers; immune suppression; immunotherapy; tumor associated antigen; tumor microenvironment.