Shoe design for older adults: Evidence from a systematic review on the elements of optimal footwear

Maturitas. 2019 Sep:127:64-81. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Abstract

Due to changes in foot morphology and the occurrence of foot deformities and foot pain with ageing, older people frequently wear ill-fitting shoes. This can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility. A review of the literature was performed in Medline, Scopus and Embase with three aims: (a) to evaluate the effects of shoes or shoe elements on the comfort and mobility of older adults, (b) to summarise the evidence-based elements of a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults, and (c) from that, to compile those elements into design recommendations for a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults. Safe elements of footwear include proper anatomical fit, a well-fitting toe box, limited heel height, a broad enough heel, a firm insole and midsole, an outsole with sufficient tread, bevelled heel, firm heel counter with snug fit, and an easy and effective closing mechanism. We conclude that there is a need for shoe design specifically aimed at the foot morphology and demands of older people. The shoe market should increase the availability of well-fitting shoes designed for the older foot and person.

Keywords: Ageing; Footwear; Shoe design; Shoe market; Shoe size; Shoes.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aging*
  • Foot / anatomy & histology
  • Humans
  • Shoes*