Long-Term Intake of Glucoraphanin-Enriched Kale Suppresses Skin Aging via Activating Nrf2 and the TβRII/Smad Pathway in SAMP1 Mice

J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Sep 4;67(35):9782-9788. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02725. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Abstract

Sulforaphane, a potent antioxidant compound, is unstable at ambient temperature, whereas its precursor glucoraphanin is stable and metabolized to sulforaphane. Thus, we hypothesized that glucoraphanin-rich diet could effectively induce antioxidant enzyme activities and investigated the protective effects of long-term intake of a glucoraphanin-enriched kale (GEK) diet on skin aging in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. The senescence grading score was significantly lower after treatment with GEK for 39 weeks than that of the control mice. GEK also suppressed the thinning of the dorsal skin layer. Moreover, the GEK treatment enhanced the collagen production and increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression level in the skin tissue. TβRII and Smad3 expressions were clearly higher in the GEK-treated group than in the control group. Thus, GEK suppressed senescence in SAMP1 mice by enhancing the antioxidant activity and collagen production via the TβRII/Smad3 pathway, suggesting its practical applications for protection against skin aging.

Keywords: SAMP1; collagen; glucoraphanin; kale; skin aging.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Brassica / chemistry
  • Brassica / metabolism*
  • Collagen / metabolism
  • Glucosinolates / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Imidoesters / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / genetics
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / metabolism*
  • Oximes
  • Plant Extracts / metabolism*
  • Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II / genetics
  • Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Skin Aging / genetics
  • Skin Aging / physiology*
  • Smad3 Protein / genetics
  • Smad3 Protein / metabolism*
  • Sulfoxides
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Glucosinolates
  • Imidoesters
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2
  • Oximes
  • Plant Extracts
  • Smad3 Protein
  • Sulfoxides
  • Collagen
  • Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
  • glucoraphanin