1 Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, and the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut (A.C.E.).
2 New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (A.D.Z.).
3 Yale School of Public Health and the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut (J.D.W.).
4 Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut (J.S.R.).