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. 2018 Dec 1;6(1):58-64.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.11.008. eCollection 2019 Jan 10.

Gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among patients with chronic heart failure

Jiaojiao Mei  1 , Yan Tian  2 , Xiaohui Chai  1 , Xiuzhen Fan  1
Affiliations

Gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among patients with chronic heart failure

Jiaojiao Mei et al. Int J Nurs Sci. .

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among chronic heart failure patients using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model.

Methods: Two hundred and ten patients (54.0% female) with chronic heart failure participated in this cross-sectional study. Self-care, knowledge of heart failure, social support and illness perception were measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, the questionnaire of heart failure knowledge, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, respectively.

Results: Mean scores for self-care maintenance were 51.4 ± 14.8 in men and 55.6 ± 14.1 in women (t = -2.066, P < 0.05). Associated factors of self-care maintenance were social support and self-care confidence in men and the knowledge of heart failure, self-care management and self-care confidence in women. The relationship between social support and self-care maintenance was meditated by self-care confidence in men, whereas the relationship between knowledge of heart failure and self-care maintenance was meditated by self-care management and self-care confidence in women.

Conclusions: Self-care maintenance were inadequate in both genders with chronic heart failure. Interventions for enhancing social support and self-care confidence in men patients, and strengthening knowledge of heart failure, self-care management and self-care confidence in women patients, may facilitate self-care maintenance.

Keywords: Heart failure; Illness perception; Knowledge; Self-care; Social support.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The hypothetical Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model for self-care maintenance of chronic heart failure patients.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A. Mediating role of self-care confidence in the association between social support and self-care maintenance in men with chronic heart failure. β = standardized coefficient (∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01). B. Mediating roles of self-care management and self-care confidence in the association between social support and self-care maintenance in women with chronic heart failure. β = standardized coefficient (∗∗P < 0.01; ∗P < 0.05).
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