Secondary hypokalemic paralysis with bulbar weakness and reversible electrophysiologic abnormalities: A case report and systematic review

J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Dec:70:254-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.063. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Abstract

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis presenting with prominent bulbar symptoms is extremely rare. The exact pathophysiology by which hypokalemia causes weakness is yet to be elucidated though muscle and nerve membrane hyperpolarization have been hypothesized. The pathophysiology of bulbar involvement in this condition is even more unclear. We report a case presenting as acute flaccid quadriplegia with prominent bulbar symptoms that reversed once potassium levels returned to normal. Serial nerve conduction studies were performed at various potassium levels revealing electrophysiologic abnormalities that corrected with potassium repletion. A systematic review of the literature was also conducted focusing on bulbar symptoms and electrophysiologic findings in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Nerve conduction abnormalities in this condition are seldom documented, but reports have shown reduced amplitudes of compound motor action potentials and abnormal F-waves during acute attacks of hypokalemic paralysis.

Keywords: Bulbar symptoms; Hypokalemic periodic paralysis; Nerve conduction studies; Reversible electrophysiologic changes.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Acidosis, Renal Tubular / complications
  • Bulbar Palsy, Progressive / etiology*
  • Bulbar Palsy, Progressive / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis / complications*
  • Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis / physiopathology*
  • Male
  • Quadriplegia / etiology