Background: The tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS) have been developed to assess programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to elucidate the role of TPS and CPS as prognostic biomarkers.
Methods: A total of 191 patients with GC who received curative gastrectomy were retrospectively enrolled. Double immunohistochemistry of PD-L1 and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 was performed to clearly distinguish PD-L1 expression between tumor cells and macrophages. Survival analysis for PD-L1 expression by TPS and CPS was performed.
Results: PD-L1 positivity was detected in 39 patients (20.4%) by TPS and in 137 patients (71.7%) by CPS. Patients with PD-L1 positivity by CPS experienced significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (P < 0.01) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.01) than the other patients. In contrast, patients with either PD-L1 status by the TPS showed similar OS and RFS times. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for OS and RFS demonstrated that PD-L1 positivity by CPS was a significant independent factor for poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-4.37, P < 0.01) and RFS (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07-3.22, P = 0.03).
Conclusions: CPS was shown to be a more useful assessment method of determining PD-L1 expression than TPS as a prognostic biomarker. This suggests that the total number of PD-L1-expressing cells, including tumor and immune cells, is a more sensitive prognostic biomarker than the number of PD-L1-expressing tumor cells in GC.
Keywords: Combined positive score; Gastric cancer; PD-L1; Prognostic biomarker.