1 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101; halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu.
2 Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
3 Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, TAS, Australia.
4 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, TAS, Australia.
5 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China.
6 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
7 PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 GH The Hague, The Netherlands.
8 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101.
9 Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
10 Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
11 National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD 21401.
12 Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016.
13 National Research Council, Washington, DC, 20001.
14 Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
15 Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency-Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), MC 98000, Principality of Monaco.
16 Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
17 Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.