This article reports about a 73-year-old woman of Bosnian descent who presented with acute renal failure. A renal biopsy was diagnostic for a postinfect necrotizing and extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient reported a febrile infection fever 2 weeks previously. The diagnostics did not reveal any indications of an ongoing infection. The glomerulonephritis responded to treatment with systemic steroids. The patient was readmitted to hospital 6 weeeks later in a severely ill condition. A gastric biopsy revealed a Strongyloides stercoralis infestation. Due to the systemic steroid therapy the patient had developed a so-called hyperinfection syndrome and died despite treatment on the intensive care unit. This case illustrates the need for awareness of this rare parasitosis, particularly in patients from endemic areas. A likely causal relationship with the glomerulonephritis is discussed and an overview of the diagnostics, course of the disease and treatment of this parasitosis is given.
Keywords: Hyperinfection; Immunosuppression; Ivermectin; Prednisolone; Strongyloides stercoralis.