The 236U/238U isotope ratio is a widely used tracer, which provides information on source identification for safeguard purposes, nuclear forensic studies and environmental monitoring. This paper describes an original approach to determine 236U/238U ratios, below 10-8, in environmental samples by combination of ICP-MS/MS for 236U/238U ratio and multiple collector ICPMS measurements for 235U/238U and 234U/235U isotope ratios. Since the hydride form of UO+ (UOH+) is less prone to occur than UH+, we were focused on the oxidised forms of uranium in order to reduce hydride based-interferences in ICP-MS/MS. Then, in-cell ion-molecule reactions with O2 and CO2 were assessed to detect the uranium isotopes in mass-shift mode (Q1: U+ → Q2: UO+). The performances in terms of UO+ sensitivity and minimisation of hydride form of UO+ were evaluated using five different desolvating systems. The best conditions, using an Apex Ω or an Aridus system, produced uranium oxide hydride rate (235U16O1H+/235U16O+) of about 10-7 with O2 in the collision cell. The method was validated through measurements of two certified IRMM standards with 236U/238U isotope ratio of 1.245 × 10-7 and 1.052 × 10-8, giving results in agreement with certified reference values. The relative standard deviations on seven independent measurements for each standard were respectively of 1.5% and 6.2%. Finally, environmental samples corresponding to sediments from the radioactive contamination plume emitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were analysed after a well-established uranium chemical separation procedure. 236U/238U atomic ratios between 1.5 × 10-8 and 7 × 10-9 were obtained with a level accuracy lower than 20%.
Keywords: Environmental samples; Fukushima; ICP-MS/MS; MC-ICP-MS; Spectral interferences; Uranium-236.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.