Key components of engineering vascularized 3-dimensional bioprinted bone constructs

Fahimeh Shahabipour; Nureddin Ashammakhi; Reza K Oskuee; Shahin Bonakdar; Tyler Hoffman; Mohammad A Shokrgozar; Ali Khademhosseini

doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.010

Key components of engineering vascularized 3-dimensional bioprinted bone constructs

Transl Res. 2020 Feb:216:57-76. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.010. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

Authors

Fahimeh Shahabipour¹, Nureddin Ashammakhi², Reza K Oskuee³, Shahin Bonakdar⁴, Tyler Hoffman⁵, Mohammad A Shokrgozar⁴, Ali Khademhosseini⁶

Affiliations

¹ National cell bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
² Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
³ Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁴ National cell bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
⁶ Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: khademh@ucla.edu.

PMID: 31526771
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.010

Abstract

Vascularization has a pivotal role in engineering successful tissue constructs. However, it remains a major hurdle of bone tissue engineering, especially in clinical applications for the treatment of large bone defects. Development of vascularized and clinically-relevant engineered bone substitutes with sufficient blood supply capable of maintaining implant viability and supporting subsequent host tissue integration remains a major challenge. Since only cells that are 100-200 µm from blood vessels can receive oxygen through diffusion, engineered constructs that are thicker than 400 µm face a challenging oxygenation problem. Following implantation in vivo, spontaneous ingrowth of capillaries in thick engineered constructs is too slow. Thus, it is critical to provide optimal conditions to support vascularization in engineered bone constructs. To achieve this, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of angiogenesis and bone development is required. In addition, it is also important to mimic the physiological milieu of native bone to fabricate more successful vascularized bone constructs. Numerous applications of engineered vascularization with cell-and/or microfabrication-based approaches seek to meet these aims. Three-dimensional (3D) printing promises to create patient-specific bone constructs in the future. In this review, we discuss the major components of fabricating vascularized 3D bioprinted bone constructs, analyze their related challenges, and highlight promising future trends.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Bioprinting*
Bone and Bones / blood supply*
Coculture Techniques
Humans
Neovascularization, Physiologic*
Tissue Engineering / methods*
Tissue Scaffolds