Keratopigmentation combined with strabismus surgery to restore cosmesis in eyes with disabling corneal scarring and squint

Abstract

Background: Therapeutic corneal pigmentation has modernly evolved into different sophisticated techniques to camouflage cosmetically disabling corneal opacities and scars with good reported outcomes. Blind eyes frequently suffer from strabismus which further deteriorates the cosmesis of the patient. Combined keratopigmentation (KTPG) with strabismus surgery may be an option for these patients.

Methods: A total of 72 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed in this investigation. Main outcome measures were postoperative residual squint, and cosmesis evaluated by an independent observer, patient satisfaction, reoperation rates for KTPG and squint, and complications.

Results: A total of 72 consecutive patients and 73 eyes that underwent KTPG and strabismus surgery were included in this study. Mean follow-up time was 2.5±3 years. Patient age ranged from 5 to 83 years, with 93% having visual acuity worse than 0.1. 14 eyes (24.5%) underwent repeated KTPG, 24 (42.1%) had repeated strabismus surgery. 14 patients (19.4%) had a repeat muscle surgery, although 55 (76.4%) of the 72 patients achieved orthotropia or had deviations within 10 prism dioptres at the end of the follow-up period. Corneal microperforation was encountered in two (2.8%) patients and conjunctival staining in 10 eyes. Cosmesis was good for all patients. Patients who required repeat KTPG or strabismus surgery, or those in whom orthotropia was not totally restored, considered their cosmetic appearance sufficiently improved.

Conclusion: Corneal KTPG combined with strabismus surgery provides good cosmesis for patients with corneal scarring and strabismus with minimal complications. Reoperation rates are relatively high in the short term to accomplish an optimal cosmetic result.

Keywords: corneal leukoma; cosmetic therapeutic keratopigmentation; functional therapeutic keratopigmentation; keratopigmentation; oculoplastic surgery; squint surgery; strabismus; strabismus surgery.