Objective: To investigate the living conditions, insurance coverage, and assistance of pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed in Chongqing from May 2006 to May 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2018, and 40 890 pneumoconiosis patients from occupational diseases report management agency were obtained. 34 625 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were investigated, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data. Results: There were 34 625 cases of pneumoconiosis patients alive in Chongqing, and 22730 (65.6%) had participated in work-related injury insurance, 6 308 (18.2%) had participated in basic medical insurance for urban employees which were still effective. 27 056 (78.1%) had participated in cooperative insurance for urban and rural residents which were still effective. 4 393 (12.7%) received assistance for the residents in need in urban and rural areas. 5827 (16.8%) benefited the policy of "Xiangyu Railway". There were 7 961 cases (2.4%) whose work-related injury insurance had expired did not get one-off compensation, and did not receive any assistance. Conclusion: Most of the patients with pneumoconiosis in Chongqing obtained protection in terms of work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, civil assistance and poverty alleviation to a certain extent, but the strength of the guarantee is not enough. Patients with pneumoconiosis might suffer from poverty caused by illness. It is recommended to improve the system of work-related injury insurance benefits, establish special funds for pneumoconiosis patients, strengthen health education and health promotion for pneumoconiosis patients, and strengthen the management of pneumoconiosis patients.
目的： 对2006年1月至2018年5月重庆市诊断的尘肺病患者生存现状、保险保障、享受救助等情况进行调查，为研究尘肺病患者社会保障提供参考。 方法： 于2018年7月，采用横断面现况调查方法，从职业病报告管理机构获取尘肺病人诊断数据40 890例，经筛选符合纳入标准的34 625例进行描述性统计分析其社会保障情况。 结果： 重庆市现存34 625例尘肺病患者中参加过工伤保险的22 730例，占65.6%；参加城镇职工医疗保险且在保的6 308例，占18.2%；参加城乡居民合作保险且在保的27 056例，占78.1%；享受城乡困难群众救助的4 393例，占12.7%；享受襄渝铁路待遇的5 827例，占16.8%；未享受过工伤保险一次性补偿且工伤保险已不在保、未享受襄渝铁路待遇、未享受民政救助和扶贫救助的共7 961例，占23.0%。 结论： 重庆市尘肺病患者在工伤保险、医疗保险、民政救助和扶贫救助等方面均有一定程度的保障，但保障力度不够，仍存在因病致贫、因病返贫可能。.
Keywords: Civil government assistance; Pneumoconiosis; Social security; Work-related injury insurance.