Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge due to its high prevalence, and it increases the risk of development of end-stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiology of CKD is complicated and has not been fully understood, the elevated oxidative stress is considered to play a central role in the development of this disease, thus it becomes an attractive target for CKD prevention or management. The grape extract is one of the rich sources of antioxidants. Literature demonstrates that the consumption of grape antioxidants has significant benefits to the reduction of oxidative stress in different health conditions. In this article, we reviewed the role of the oxidative stress in CKD pathophysiology, and both the preclinical and clinical findings of anti-oxidative activity of proanthocyanidins in grape extracts (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin), particularly in subjects with CKD. It has been shown that grape-based antioxidants have beneficial effects on chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, and may also prevent the development of CKD and cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; antioxidants; flavonoids; grape; oxidative stress.