Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: A systematic review

Paula Herrero; Israel Contador; Yaakov Stern; Bernardino Fernández-Calvo; Abraham Sánchez; Francisco Ramos

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.019

Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: A systematic review

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jan:108:149-159. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.019. Epub 2019 Nov 2.

Authors

Paula Herrero¹, Israel Contador², Yaakov Stern³, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo⁴, Abraham Sánchez⁵, Francisco Ramos⁶

Affiliations

¹ Psychiatric Institute José Germain, Madrid, Spain.
² Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain. Electronic address: icontador@usal.es.
³ Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, and the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain.
⁶ Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain.

PMID: 31689453
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.019

Abstract

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the influence of sociobehavioural indicators of cognitive reserve (CR) in the risk of schizophrenia, the clinical manifestations of the disease, and cognitive intervention programs (CRT) carried out with these patients.

Method: A cross search was made by two independent reviewers in Pubmed and PsycINFO databases using keywords "schizophrenia" and "cognitive reserve." Twenty-one studies which analyzed different CR proxies were selected and the level of evidence was classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Result: People with higher CR may have a lower risk of developing schizophrenia and a later onset of disease. In addition, they present better neuropsychological and functional performance in the illness course. However, the suspected influence of CR on the effectiveness of CRT in patients with schizophrenia is currently unresolved.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher CR delays the clinical diagnosis threshold and severity of the symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, effect of singular sociobehavioral measures on clinical expression and benefits of intervention program need further investigation.

Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation; Cognitive reserve; Schizophrenia.

Publication types

Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Cognitive Dysfunction* / etiology
Cognitive Dysfunction* / physiopathology
Cognitive Dysfunction* / rehabilitation
Cognitive Remediation*
Cognitive Reserve* / physiology
Humans
Schizophrenia* / complications
Schizophrenia* / physiopathology
Schizophrenia* / rehabilitation