Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

doi:10.3390/ijerph16224383

. 2019 Nov 9;16(22):4383.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224383.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

Andong Ji¹, Chunlei Pan², Hongxia Wang², Zhezhen Jin³, Joseph H Lee⁴, Qincheng Wu¹, Qixiao Jiang¹, Lianhua Cui¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China.
² Health Center of Liuting Street, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266108, Shandong Province, China.
³ Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
⁴ Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

PMID: 31717585
PMCID: PMC6888049
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224383

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

Andong Ji et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019.

. 2019 Nov 9;16(22):4383.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224383.

Authors

Andong Ji¹, Chunlei Pan², Hongxia Wang², Zhezhen Jin³, Joseph H Lee⁴, Qincheng Wu¹, Qixiao Jiang¹, Lianhua Cui¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China.
² Health Center of Liuting Street, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266108, Shandong Province, China.
³ Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
⁴ Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

PMID: 31717585
PMCID: PMC6888049
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224383

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global major public health problem. Almost all of previous studies evaluating the prevalence of CKD focused on adults, while studies among the elderly were relatively rare, especially in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD among the elderly in Qingdao, China. This was a cross-sectional study with 38,038 inhabitants (aged 60-109) randomly recruited in Qingdao, China. All participants were required to complete a questionnaire for their demographic characteristics. Blood and urine samples of participants were collected, and the albumin and creatinine levels were measured for albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessment. The associations between risk factors and indicators of kidney damage were analyzed by logistic regression. A total of 34,588 inhabitants completed the survey. The overall prevalence of CKD was 11.41% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.07-11.74%) in the elders from Qingdao in 2016. The prevalence of albuminuria and low eGFR (<60 mL/min per 1·73 m²) were 8.47% (95% CI: 8.17-8.76%) and 3.98% (95% CI: 3.78-4.19%), respectively. Older age, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, hyperuricemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L were independently associated with the presence of CKD. In conclusion, common chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, were associated with greater prevalence of CKD.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; elderly; epidemiology; prevalence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Prevalence of indicators of chronic kidney disease in different comorbidities groups. DM, diabetes; HTN, hypertension; HUA, hyperuricemia; HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia; HTC, hypercholesteremia; HTG, hypertriglyceridemia; HLDL-C, LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L. CKD, chronic kidney disease.

**Figure 2**
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in different age groups. CKD—chronic kidney disease.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Association Between Chinese Visceral Adipose Index and Albuminuria in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Yu F, Liu A, Deng Z, Gan S, Zhou Q, Long H. Yu F, et al. Int J Gen Med. 2023 Jun 5;16:2271-2283. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S411416. eCollection 2023. Int J Gen Med. 2023. PMID: 37304903 Free PMC article.
The association between renal impairment and polypharmacy among older Palestinian patients: a multi-center cross-sectional study.
Naghnaghia S, Nazzal Z, Abu Alya L, Al-Ramahi R, Hamdan Z, Samara E. Naghnaghia S, et al. BMC Prim Care. 2023 Feb 16;24(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12875-023-02005-9. BMC Prim Care. 2023. PMID: 36797685 Free PMC article.
Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates acute kidney injury via increased mitochondrial damage.
Zhang M, Dong R, Da J, Yuan J, Zha Y, Long Y. Zhang M, et al. Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 5;13:967104. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.967104. eCollection 2022. Front Physiol. 2022. PMID: 36277207 Free PMC article.
Triglyceride affects the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A second analysis of a Chinese cohort study.
Hu H, Cao C, Han Y, He Y. Hu H, et al. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 27;9:984241. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984241. eCollection 2022. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022. PMID: 36237544 Free PMC article.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients visiting renal unit of St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design.
Sertsu A, Worku T, Fekadu G, Tura AK. Sertsu A, et al. SAGE Open Med. 2022 Aug 9;10:20503121221116942. doi: 10.1177/20503121221116942. eCollection 2022. SAGE Open Med. 2022. PMID: 35966210 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Versino E., Piccoli G.B. Chronic Kidney Disease: The Complex History of the Organization of Long-Term Care and Bioethics. Why Now, More Than Ever, Action is Needed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16:785. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050785. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Liyanage T., Ninomiya T., Jha V., Neal B., Patrice H.M., Okpechi I., Zhao M.H., Lv J., Garg A.X., Knight J., et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review. Lancet. 2015;385:1975–1982. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61601-9. - DOI - PubMed
1. Wang F., Yang C., Long J., Zhao X., Tang W., Zhang D., Bai K., Su Z., Gao B., Chu H., et al. Executive summary for the 2015 Annual Data Report of the China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) Kidney Int. 2019;95:501–505. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.011. - DOI - PubMed
1. [(accessed on 5 October 2019)]; Available online: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm.
1. Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A., Manzi J., Kusek J.W., Eggers P., Van Lente F., Levey A.S. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298:2038–2047. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- Genetic Alliance
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Research Materials
- NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program
Miscellaneous
- NCI CPTAC Assay Portal

[1] Versino E., Piccoli G.B. Chronic Kidney Disease: The Complex History of the Organization of Long-Term Care and Bioethics. Why Now, More Than Ever, Action is Needed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16:785. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050785. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Versino E., Piccoli G.B. Chronic Kidney Disease: The Complex History of the Organization of Long-Term Care and Bioethics. Why Now, More Than Ever, Action is Needed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16:785. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050785. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Liyanage T., Ninomiya T., Jha V., Neal B., Patrice H.M., Okpechi I., Zhao M.H., Lv J., Garg A.X., Knight J., et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review. Lancet. 2015;385:1975–1982. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61601-9. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Liyanage T., Ninomiya T., Jha V., Neal B., Patrice H.M., Okpechi I., Zhao M.H., Lv J., Garg A.X., Knight J., et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review. Lancet. 2015;385:1975–1982. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61601-9. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Wang F., Yang C., Long J., Zhao X., Tang W., Zhang D., Bai K., Su Z., Gao B., Chu H., et al. Executive summary for the 2015 Annual Data Report of the China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) Kidney Int. 2019;95:501–505. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.011. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Wang F., Yang C., Long J., Zhao X., Tang W., Zhang D., Bai K., Su Z., Gao B., Chu H., et al. Executive summary for the 2015 Annual Data Report of the China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) Kidney Int. 2019;95:501–505. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.011. - DOI - PubMed

[7] [(accessed on 5 October 2019)]; Available online: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm.

[8] [(accessed on 5 October 2019)]; Available online: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm.

[9] Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A., Manzi J., Kusek J.W., Eggers P., Van Lente F., Levey A.S. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298:2038–2047. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A., Manzi J., Kusek J.W., Eggers P., Van Lente F., Levey A.S. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298:2038–2047. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038. - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

Affiliations

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Research Materials

Miscellaneous

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Research Materials

Miscellaneous