The Value of Interracial Contact for Reducing Anti-Black Bias Among Non-Black Physicians: A Cognitive Habits and Growth Evaluation (CHANGE) Study Report

Psychol Sci. 2020 Jan;31(1):18-30. doi: 10.1177/0956797619879139. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Abstract

Although scholars have long studied circumstances that shape prejudice, inquiry into factors associated with long-term prejudice reduction has been more limited. Using a 6-year longitudinal study of non-Black physicians in training (N = 3,134), we examined the effect of three medical-school factors-interracial contact, medical-school environment, and diversity training-on explicit and implicit racial bias measured during medical residency. When accounting for all three factors, previous contact, and baseline bias, we found that quality of contact continued to predict lower explicit and implicit bias, although the effects were very small. Racial climate, modeling of bias, and hours of diversity training in medical school were not consistently related to less explicit or implicit bias during residency. These results highlight the benefits of interracial contact during an impactful experience such as medical school. Ultimately, professional institutions can play a role in reducing anti-Black bias by encouraging more frequent, and especially more favorable, interracial contact.

Keywords: implicit bias; interracial contact; open data; open materials; prejudice; preregistered; racial bias.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Black or African American / psychology
  • Curriculum
  • Education, Medical, Graduate / methods*
  • Female
  • Healthcare Disparities / ethnology
  • Healthcare Disparities / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Internship and Residency
  • Interprofessional Relations
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Physician-Patient Relations
  • Prejudice / prevention & control*
  • Prejudice / psychology
  • Racism / prevention & control*
  • Racism / psychology
  • Regression Analysis
  • Schools, Medical
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Students, Medical / psychology*
  • United States