Discovery of an antivirulence compound that reverses β-lactam resistance in MRSA

Nat Chem Biol. 2020 Feb;16(2):143-149. doi: 10.1038/s41589-019-0401-8. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of infections worldwide, and methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) are emerging. New strategies are urgently needed to overcome this threat. Using a cell-based screen of ~45,000 diverse synthetic compounds, we discovered a potent bioactive, MAC-545496, that reverses β-lactam resistance in the community-acquired MRSA USA300 strain. MAC-545496 could also serve as an antivirulence agent alone; it attenuates MRSA virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae. MAC-545496 inhibits biofilm formation and abrogates intracellular survival in macrophages. Mechanistic characterization revealed MAC-545496 to be a nanomolar inhibitor of GraR, a regulator that responds to cell-envelope stress and is an important virulence factor and determinant of antibiotic resistance. The small molecule discovered herein is an inhibitor of GraR function. MAC-545496 has value as a research tool to probe the GraXRS regulatory system and as an antibacterial lead series of a mechanism to combat drug-resistant Staphylococcal infections.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Biofilms / drug effects
  • High-Throughput Screening Assays / methods*
  • Larva / microbiology
  • Lepidoptera / microbiology
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects*
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / pathogenicity
  • Mice
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Piperidines / pharmacology*
  • Pyridines / pharmacology*
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Virulence Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
  • beta-Lactam Resistance / drug effects*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Piperidines
  • Pyridines
  • Virulence Factors

Grants and funding