MeCP2 Represses Enhancers through Chromosome Topology-Associated DNA Methylation

Mol Cell. 2020 Jan 16;77(2):279-293.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.033. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Abstract

The genomes of mammalian neurons contain uniquely high levels of non-CG DNA methylation that can be bound by the Rett syndrome protein, MeCP2, to regulate gene expression. How patterns of non-CG methylation are established in neurons and the mechanism by which this methylation works with MeCP2 to control gene expression is unclear. Here, we find that genes repressed by MeCP2 are often located within megabase-scale regions of high non-CG methylation that correspond with topologically associating domains of chromatin folding. MeCP2 represses enhancers found in these domains that are enriched for non-CG and CG methylation, with the strongest repression occurring for enhancers located within MeCP2-repressed genes. These alterations in enhancer activity provide a mechanism for how MeCP2 disruption in disease can lead to widespread changes in gene expression. Hence, we find that DNA topology can shape non-CG DNA methylation across the genome to dictate MeCP2-mediated enhancer regulation in the brain.

Keywords: DNA methylation; MeCP2; Rett syndrome; cerebral cortex; enhancer; non-CG methylation; topologically associating domains; transcription.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain / physiology
  • Chromosomes / genetics*
  • DNA Methylation / genetics*
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic / genetics*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation / genetics
  • Genome / genetics
  • Humans
  • Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 / genetics*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Rats
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics*

Substances

  • MECP2 protein, human
  • Mecp2 protein, mouse
  • Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2
  • Repressor Proteins