Magnesium oil enriched transdermal nanogel of methotrexate for improved arthritic joint mobility, repair, and reduced inflammation

J Microencapsul. 2020 Jan;37(1):77-90. doi: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1694086. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Abstract

Aim: Methotrexate (Mtx) is prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation in arthritis patients; however, improved repair and mobility of joints still are the major concerns. Magnesium oil (MO) improves joint mobility and repair; therefore, MO-assisted transdermal delivery of Mtx was aimed.Methods: MO integrated Mtx nanoemulsion (Mtx-MONE) was prepared with uniform size (175 ± 35.4 nm), pH (6.15 ± 0.3) near to skin pH, and high entrapment efficiency (65 ± 8.6%). Mtx-MONE was transformed to nanogel (Mtx-MONEG) with semisolid consistency (43,408 ± 77.72 cP) and good spreadability (3.63 ± 0.033 mJ).Results: Mtx-MONEG showed significant reduction in oedema, arthritic scores, level of inflammatory cytokines, and improved walking as compared to diseased control. MO offered additional improvements in joints, mobility, and repair.Conclusion: Transdermal delivery of Mtx has been successfully achieved by Mtx-MONEG. Tremendous recovery from inflammation, improved joints mobility and repair, and reduced pain strongly support the use of MO as an adjutant of Mtx for improved transdermal application.

Keywords: Arthritis; magnesium oil; methotrexate; nanoemulsion; nanogel.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Arthritis, Experimental / drug therapy*
  • Arthritis, Experimental / immunology
  • Arthritis, Experimental / pathology
  • Drug Carriers / administration & dosage
  • Drug Carriers / pharmacokinetics
  • Drug Carriers / therapeutic use
  • Drug Liberation
  • Female
  • Magnesium / administration & dosage
  • Magnesium / pharmacokinetics
  • Magnesium / therapeutic use*
  • Methotrexate / administration & dosage
  • Methotrexate / pharmacokinetics
  • Methotrexate / therapeutic use*
  • Nanogels / administration & dosage
  • Nanogels / therapeutic use*
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Drug Carriers
  • Nanogels
  • Magnesium
  • Methotrexate