The aim of the study was to study the current problems of non-carious dental lesions in residents of Penza, depending on the influence of production factors. In the structure of non-carious lesions, there is a large group of diseases (and injuries) of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, cement), which have their various clinical manifestations, the occurrence and development of which is not directly related to the microbial factor, unlike carious lesions. Such diseases are enamel and dentin hypoplasia, fluorosis, wedge-shaped defect, etc. All these diseases can be manifested by spotting, expressed to varying degrees on permanent and temporary teeth, which sometimes complicates the differential diagnosis with the initial stages and causes a significant aesthetic defect. Thus, the identification and treatment of non-carious lesions in practical dentistry is undoubtedly an urgent task. The team of authors conducted a dental examination of 350 patients from among adult residents of Penza and the Penza region aged from 20 to 60 years of the main professional groups of the region (working at enterprises of heavy and medium machinery, in the timber processing industry, engaged in agriculture). As a result of the study it was revealed that the Penza region is endemic for fluorosis, in connection with which there are high prevalence rates of fluorosis and hypoplasia of teeth. At the same time, respondents working in the machine-building and timber processing industries have a slightly lower prevalence, which is associated with large proportions of the foreign population (persons born and raised in other regions). At the same time, the influence of production factors on the incidence of different types of non-carious dental pathology in respondents working in the machine-building and timber processing industries of the Penza region was established. This mainly concerned non-carious diseases that occur after teething-pathological abrasion of teeth, wedge-shaped defect, multiple cracks of enamel.